ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in different intensities on dysphagia after cerebral infarction and its neurological mechanism. Methods:From January, 2016 to December, 2018, 60 inpatients with dysphagia after cerebral infarction were randomly equally divided into low-, medium- and high-intensity groups, in which the intensities of tDCS were 1.0 mA, 1.5 mA and 2.0 mA, respectively, for 30 days. They were observed with video fluoroscopic swallowing study and α waves of electroencephalography before and after treatment. Results:The score of oral stage increased in the high-intensity group after treatment (t = -2.196, P < 0.05), while the dominant frequency of α wave increased (t = -6.488, P < 0.001). Conclusion:High-intensity tDCS may improve the excitability of the brain for patients with dysphagia after cerebral infarction, to improve the swallowing.
ABSTRACT
Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus , which is mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions .Dengue virus can be classified into four serological serotypes ( DV-1 , DV-2 , DV-3 , and DV-4 ) .All of these serotypes are epidemic in China , but the dominant one thereof is DV-1.Since 1978, dengue fever epidemic has been reported almost every year , especially in the severely-afflicted area, Guangdong province , where more than 40 thousand people were infected with dengue fever in 2014 , thus arousing serious public concern .However , even now the public lack the knowledge about dengue fever , thus affecting the effects of prophylactic and control measures for public health.To solve this problem ,this paper introduces and analyzes dengue fever in terms of epidemic distri-bution rules, pathogenic characteristics of virus , clinical features for relevant diseases , prophylactic and control measures for dengue epidemic , etc.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of Losartan,an angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)receptor(AT_1) antagonist,on pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs)and its possible mechanisms.Methods (1)PSCs were isolated from pancreatic cancerous samples to test the expressions of AT_1 and collagenⅠafter incubated with AngⅡor/and Losartan.(2)Ninety S-D rats were divided into normal group,control group and treatment group,with 30 rats in each.The rats in control and treatment groups were induced pancreatic fibrosis by injection of 2% trinitrobenenze sulfonic acid(TNBS)into biliopancreatic duct.Rats in treat- ment group were then treated with Losartan by garage daily and rats in control group were only given distilled water.The rats were sacrificed on day 3,7,14,21 and 28,respectively,and pancreas were removed.The histological abnormalities were observed by electron microscope.The mRNAs of trans- forming growth factor?_1(TGF?_1)and procollagenⅠwere detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of TGF?_1 and?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the level of?-SMA protein was quantified by Western blot. Results In vitro,there existed AT_1 expression in PSCs,and Losartan reduced expression of collagenⅠ.Losartan treatment reversed the histological abnormalities observed by electron microscope,com- pared to treatment with distill water.The expression of?-SMA,TGF?_1 and procollagenⅠwere signifi- cantly higher in the control group than those in normal group and were reduced by Losartan to different extent in treatment group.Conclusion AT_1 antagonist can inhibit the activation and the profibrogenic action of PSCs by blocking AT_1 receptor-mediated pathways.